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The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries

R >> Richard Hakluyt >> The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries




The same in English.

A Charter graunted for the behalfe of the Marchants of Colen [Footnote:
Cologne.] in the twentieth yeere of Henry the third, confirmed by King
Edward the first, as it is extant in the roule of Charters, in the
eighteenth yeere of King Edward the first.

The King vnto Archbishops &c. greeting. [Sidenote: The ancient custome of
the Coloners Gildhall in London.] Be it knowen vnto you, that wee haue
quite claimed, and for vs and our heires released our welbeloued the
Citizens of Colen and their marchandize, from the payment of those two
shillings which they were wont to pay out of their Gildhall at London and
from all other customes and demaunds, which perteine vnto vs, either in
London, or in any other place of our Dominions and that they may safely
resort vnto Fayers throughout our whole Kingdome, and buy and sell in the
Citie of London. Wherefore we will and firmely command for vs and our
heires, that the forenamed Marchants of Colen may enioy the liberties and
free priuiledges aboue-mentioned, throughout our whole kingdome of England
as is aforesaid. Witnesses, the reuerend father Walter Bishop of Carlil,
William de Ferarijs, Gilbert Basset, Walter de Beauchamp Hugh Disspenser,
Walter Marescal, Geofrie Disspensser. Bartholomew Peach, Bartholomew de
Saukeuill and others. Giuen by the hand of the reuerend father Ralph Bishop
of Chichester and our Chauncellour at Dauintre, the eight day of Nouember
in the twentieth yeere of our reigne.

* * * * *

Carta Lubecensibus ad septennium concessa. Anno 41. Henrici 3.

[Sidenote: Carta conditionalis]

Henricus dei gracia Rex Angliæ dominus Hiberniæ, dux Normaniæ, Aquitaniæ, &
Comes Andegauiæ, omnibus Balliuis suis salutem. [Sidenote: Ricardus Comes
Cornubiaæ Rex Romanorum.] Sciatis nos ad instantiam dilecti & fidelis
fratris nostri Ricardi Comitis Cornubiæ in Regum Romanorum electi,
suscepisse in protectionem & defensionem nostram & saluum & securum
conductum nostrum Burgenses de Lubek in Alemania cum omnibus rebus &
mercandisis quas in Regnum nostrum deferent, vel facient deferri. Et eis
concessimus, quod de omnibus rebus & mercandisis suis nihil capiatur ad
opus nostrum vel alterius contra voluntatem eorundem; sed libere vendant &
negocientur inde in Regno prædicto, prout sibi viderint expedire. Et ideo
vobis mandamus, quod dictis Burgensibus vel eorum nuncijs in veniendo in
terram nostram cum rebus & mercandisis suis ibidem morando, & inde
recedendo, nullum inferatis, aut ab alijs inferri permittatis impedimentum
aut grauamen. Nec eos contra quietantiam prædictam vexetis, aut ab alijs
vexari permittatis. In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fiera
fecimus patentes per septennium durantes: Dum tamen ijdem Burgenses interim
bene & fideliter se habuerint erga præfatum electum fratrem nostrum. Teste
meipso apud Westmonasterium vndecimo die Maij Anno Regni nostri
quadragesimo primo. Hæc litera duplicata est, pro Burgensibus &
mercatoribus Dacis, Brunswig, & Lubek.

The same in English.

The charter of Lubek granted for seuen yeeres, obtained in the one and
fortieth yeere of Henry the third.

Henry by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of
Normandie and Aquitaine, and Earle of Anjou, to all his Bailifs sendeth
greeting. Know ye that at the instant request of our welbeloued and trusty
brother Richard Earle of Cornewal being of late elected king of the
Romanes, we haue receiued vnder our protection and defence, and vnder our
safe and secure conduct, the citizens of Lubek in Alemain, with all their
goods and wares, which they shall bring or cause to be brought into our
kingdome. We haue also granted vnto them, that of all their goods and
merchandize, nothing shal be seized vnto the vse of our selues, or of any
other without their owne consent, but that they may freely sell and
exercise traffike therewith according as they shall thinke expedient. And
therefore we straightly command you, that neither your selues do offer, nor
that you permit any other to offer any impediment or moletstation vnto the
said Burgers or vnto their messengers, either at their comming into our
land, with their goods and marchandize, in the time of their abode there,
or at their departure from thence, and that yee neither molest them your
selues, nor yet suffer them by others to be molested, contrary to the
aforesaid Charter. In testimonie whereof, we haue caused these our Letters
to be made Patents, during the space of seuen yeeres next following.

Prouided, that the sayd Burghers doe in the meane time behaue themselues
well and faithfully towards our foresaid elected brother. Witnesse our
selues at Westminster the eleuenth day of March, [Footnote: _Sic_ in
Hakluyt. It should be _May_.] in the one and fortieth yeere of our reigne.

* * * * *

This Letter was doubled, namely for the Burghers, and the Marchants of
Denmarke, of Brunswig, and of Lubecke.

Carta pro Mercatoribus Alemanniæ, qui habent domum in London, quæ Gildhalla
Teutonicorum vulgariter nuncupatur. Anno 44. Henrici tertij, & Anno primo
& 29. Edwardi primi renouata & confirmata.

Ad instantiam Serenissimi principis Richardi Romanorum Regis charissimi
fratris nostri concedimus mercatonbus Alemanniæ, illis videlicet qui habent
domum in Ciuitate nostra London, quæ Gildhalla Teutonicorum vulganter
nuncupatur, quod eos vniuersos manutenebimus per totum Regnum nostrum in
omnibus ijsdem libertatibus & liberis consuetudinibus, quibus ipsi nostris
& [Marginal note: Nota antiquitatem.] progenitorum nostrorum temporibus vsi
sunt & gauisi. Ipsosque extra huiusmodi libertates & liberas consuetudines
non trahemus, nec trahi aliquatenus permittemus. In cuius rei testimonium
has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes.

The same in English

A charter for the Marchants of Almaine, who haue an house at London
commonly called [Marginal note: The Stiliard.] the Guild hall of the
Dutch, graunted in the 44. yeere of Henry the third, renued and confirmed
in the 1. & 29. yeere of Edward the first.

At the instant request of the most gracious Prince Richard king of the
Romanes our most deare brother, wee doe graunt vnto the Marchants of
Alemain (namely vnto those that haue an house in our citie of London,
commonly called the Guildhall of the Dutch Merchants) that we will,
throughout our whole Realme, maintaine all and euery of them, in all those
liberties and free customes, which both in our times, and in the times of
our progenitors, they haue vsed and enioyed. [Sidenote: Note the
antiquity.] Neither will we inforce them beyond these liberties and free
customes, nor in any wise permit them to be inforced. In witnesse whereof,
wee haue caused these our letters to be made patents.

* * * * *

Mandatum regis Edwardi primi de mercatoribus alienigenis.

Mercatores extranei vendant mercimonia sua in ciuitate London &c. infra
quadraginta dies post ingressum suum, anno 3. Edwardi primi.

The same in English.

A mandate of king Edward the first concerning outlandish marchants.

We will and command that outlandish marchants doe sel their wares in the
citie of London &c. within forty dayes of their ariuall.

* * * * *

The great Charter granted vnto forreine marchants by king Edward the first,
in the 31. yeare of his reigne commonly called Carta mercatoria, Anno
Domini 1303.

Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Angliæ, Dommus Hiberniæ dux Aquitaniæ,
Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Comitibus, Baronibus,
Iustitiarijs, Vicecomitibus, præpositis, ministris, & omnibus balliuis &
fidelibus suis salutem. Circa bonum statum omnium mercatorum subscriptorum
regnorum, terrarum, & prouinciarum, videlicet Alemanniæ, Franciæ, Hispaniæ,
Portugalliæ, Nauarræ, Lombardiæ, Thusciæ, Prouinciæ, Cataloniæ, ducatus
nostri Aquitaniæ, Tholosaniæ, Caturluni, Flandriæ, Brabantiæ, & omnium
aliarum terrarum & locorum extraneorum, quocunque nomine censeantur,
venientium in regnum nostrum Angliæ & ibidem conuersantium nos præcipua
cura sollicitat, qualiter sub nostro dominio tranquillitatis & plenæ
securitatis immunitas eisdem mercatoribus futuris temporibus præparetur. Vt
itaque vota ipsorum reddantur ad nostra & regni nostri seruitia promptiora,
ipsorum petitionibus fauorabiliter annuentes, & pro statu eorundem plenius
assecurando, in forma quæ sequitur ordinantes, pro nobis & hæredibus
nostris in perpetuum subscripta dictis mercatoribus duximus concedenda.

1. In primis videlicet quod omnes mercatores dictorum regnorum & terrarum
saluè & secure sub tuitione & protectione nostra in dictum regnum nostrum
Angliæ, & vbique infra potestatem nostram alibi veniant cum mercandisis
suis quibuscunque de muragio, pontagio & pannagio liberi & quieti. Quodque
infra idem regnum & potestatem nostram in ciuitatibus, burgis, & villis
mercatorijs possunt mercari duntaxat in grosso tam cum indigenis seu
incolis eiusdem regni & potestatis nostræ prædictæ, quàm cum alienigenis,
extraneis, vel priuatis. Ita tamen quod merces, quæ vulgariter merceriæ
vocantur, ac species, minutatim vendi possint, prout antea fieri consueuit.
[Sidenote: Exceptio contra notorios regni hostes.] Et quod omnes prædicti
mercatores mercandisas suas, quas ipsos ad prædictum regnum & potestatem
nostram adducere, seu infra idem regnum & potestatem nostram emere, vel
aliàs acquirere contingerit, possint quo voluerint tam infra regnum &
potestatem nostram prædictam, quàm extra ducere vel portare facere,
præterquam ad terras manifestorum & notoriorum hostium regni nostri,
soluendo consuetudines quas debebunt: vinis duntaxat exceptis, quæ de codem
regno seu potestate nostra, postquam infra idem regnum seu potestatem
nostram ducta fuerint, sine voluntate & licentia specili non liceat eis
educere quoquo modo.

2. Item quod prædicti mercatores in ciuitatibus, burgis, & villis prædictis
pro voluntate sua hospitari valeant, & morari cum bonis suis ad gratiam
ipsorum, quorum sunt hospitia siue domus.

3. Item quod quilibet contractus per ipsos mercatores cum quibuscunque
personis vndecunque fuerint super quocunque genere mercandisæ initus,
firmus sit & stabilis, ita quod neuter mercatorum ab illo contractu possit
recedere, vel resilire, postquam denarius Dei inter principales personas
contrahentes datus fuerit & receptus. Et si forsan super contractu euismodi
contentio oriatur fiat inde probatio aut inquisitio secundum vsus &
consuetudines feriarum & villarum, vbi dictum contractum fieri contigerit &
iniri.

4. Item promittimus præfatis mercatoribus pro nobis & hæredibus nostris in
perpetuum concedentes, quod nullam prisam vel arrestationem, seu dilationem
occasione prisæ de cætero de mercimonijs mercandisis seu alijs bonis suis
per nos vel alium seu alios pro aliqua necessitate vel casu contra
voluntatem ipsorum mercatorum aliquatenus faciemus, aut fieri patiemur,
nisi statim soluto precio pro quo ipsi mercatores alijs eiusmodi mercimonia
vendere possint, vel eis aliter satisfacto, ita quod reputent se contentos:
Et quod super mercimonia, mercandisas, seu bona ipsorum per nos vel
ministros nostros nulla appreciatio aut estimatio imponetur.

[Sidenote: Lex mercatoria.]
5. Item volumus quod omnes balliui & ministri feriarum, ciuitatum,
burgorum, & villarum mercatoriarum mercatoribus antedictis conquerentibus
coram ijs celerem iustitiam faciant de die in diem sine dilatione secundum
legem mercatoriam, de vniuersis & singulis quæ per eandem legem poterunt
terminari. Et si forte inueniatur defectus in aliquo balliuorum vel
ministrorum prædictorum, vnde ijdem mercatores vel eorum aliquis dilationis
incommoda sustinuerint vel sustineant, licet mercator versus partem in
principali recuperauerit damna sua, nihilominus balliuus vel minister alius
versus nos, prout delictum exigit puniatur. Et punitionem istam concedimus
in fauorem mercatorum prædictorum pro corum iustitia maturanda.

6. Item quod in omnibus generibus placitorum, saluo casu criminis pro quo
infligenda est poena mortis, vbi mercator implacitatus fuerit, vel alium
implacitauent, cuiuscunque conditionis idem implacitatus extiterit,
extraneus vel priuatus, in nundinis, ciuitatibus, siue Burgis, vbi fuerit
sufficiens copia mercatorum prædictarum terrarum, & inquisitio fieri
debeat, sit medietas inquisitionis de eijsdem mercatoribus, & medietas
altera de probis & legalibus hominibus loci illius vbi placitum illud esse
contigent. Et si de mercatoribus dictaram terrarum numerus non inuenientur
sufficiens, ponentur in inquisitione illi qui idonei inuenientur ibidem, &
residij sint de alijs bonis hominibus & idoneis de locis in quibus placitum
illud erit.

7. Item volumus, ordinamus, & statuimus, quod in qualibet villa mercatoria
& feria regni nostri prædicti & alibi infra potestatem nostram pondus
nostrum in certo loco ponatur & ante ponderationem statera in presentia
emptoris & venditoris vacua videatur & quòd brachia sint equalia & ex tunc
ponderator ponderet in æquali. Et cum stateram posuerit in æquali statim
amoueat manus suas, ita quod remaneat in æquali; quodque per totum regnum &
potestatem nostram sit vnum pondus & vna mensura: & signo standardi nostri
signentur: Et quod quilibet possit habere stateram vnius quaternionis, &
infra, vbi contra domini loci, aut libertatem per nos & antecessores
nostros concessam illud non fuerit, siue contra villarum & feriarum
consuetudinem hactenus obseruatam.

8. Item volumus & concedimus, quod aliquis certus homo fidelis & discretus
Londini residens assignetur iustitiarius mercatoribus memoratis, coram quo
valeant specialiter placitare, & debita sua recuperare celeriter, si
Vicecomites & Maiores eis non facerent de die in diem celeris iustitiæ
complementum: Et inde fiat Commissio extra Cartam præsentem concessa
mercatoribus antedictis: [Sidenote: Lex mercatoria quæ?] scilicet de his
quæ sunt inter mercatores & mercatores secundum legem mercatoriam
deducenda.

[Sidenote: Antiquæ Costumæ.]

9. Item ordinamus & statuimus, & ordinationem illam statutúmque pro nobis &
hæredibtis nostris in perpetuum volumus firmiter obseruari, quòd pro
quacunque libertate, quam nos vel hæredes nostri de cætero concedemus,
præfati mercatores supradictas libertates vel earum aliquam non amittant.
Pro prædictis autem libertatibus & liberis consuetudinibus obtinendis, &
prisis nostris remittendis ijdem supradicti mercatores vniuersi & singuli
pro se & omnibus alijs de partibus suis nobis concorditer & vnanimiter
concesserunt, quòd de quolibet dolio vini, quod adducent vel adduci facient
infra regnum & potestatem nostram, & vnde marinarijs fretum soluere
tenebuntur, soluent nobis & hæredibus nostris nomine Custumæ duos solidos
vltra antiquas custumas debitas & in denarijs solui consuetas nobis, aut
alias infra quadraginta dies, postquam extra naues ad terram posita fuerint
dicta vina. Item de quolibet sacco lanarum, quem dicti mercatores, aut alij
nomine ipsorum ement & è regno educent, aut emi & educi facient, soluent
quadraginta denarios de incremento vltra custumam antiquam dimidiæ marcæ,
quæ prius fuerat persoluta pro lasta coriorum extra regnum & potestatem
nostram vehendorum dimidiam marcam supra id quòd ex antiqua custuma ante
soluebatur. Et similiter de trecentis pellibus lanitis extra regnum &
potestatem nostram ducendis quadraginta denarios vltra certum illud, quod
de antiqua custuma fuerat prius datum. Item duos solidos de quolibet
scarlato & panno tincto in grano. Item decem & octo denarios de quolibet
panno, in quo pars grani fuerit intermixta. Item duodecem denarios de
quolibet panno alio sine grano. Item duodecem denarios de qualibet æris
quintalla.

10. Cumque de præfatis mercatoribus nonnuli eorum alias excicere soleant
mercandisas, vt de Aucrio ponderis, & de alijs rebus subtilibus, sicut de
pannis Tarsensibus, de serico, & cindallis, de seta & alijs diuersis
mercibus, & de equis etiam & alijs animalibus, blado & alijs rebus &
mercandisis multimodis, quæ ad certam custumam facile poni non poterunt,
ijdem mercatores concesserunt dare nobis & hæredibus nostris de qualibet
libra argenti estimationis seu valoris rerum & mercandisaram huiusmodi,
quocunque nomine censeantur; tres denarios de libra in introitu rerum &
mercandisaram ipsarum in regnum & potestatem nostram prædictam infra
viginti dies postquam huiusmodi res & mercandisæ in regnum & potestatem
nostram adductæ & etiam ibidem exoneratæ seu venditæ fuerint. Et similiter
tres denarios de qualibet libra argenti in eductione quarumcunque rerum &
mercandisaram huiusmodi emptarum in regno & potestate nostris prædictis
vltra custumas nobis aut alijs ante datas. Et super valore & estimatione
rerum & mercandisarum huiusmodi de quibus tres denarij de qualibet libra
argenti sicut prædicitur sunt soluendi, credatur eis per literas, quas de
Dominis aut socijs suis ostendere poterunt: Et si literas non habeant
stetur in hac parte prædictorum mercatorum, si præsentes fuerint, vel
valetorum suorum in eorandem mercatorum absentia, iuramentis.

11. Liceat insuper socijs de societate prædictorum mercatorum infra regnum
& potestatem nostram prædictas, lanas vendere alijs suis socijs, &
similiter emere ab ijsdem absque custuma soluenda. Ita tamen quod dictæ
lattæ ad tales manus non deueniant, quòd de custuma nobis debita
defraudemur. Et præterea est sciendum, quòd postquam supradicti mercatores
semel in vno loco infra regnum & potestatem nostram custumam nobis
concessam superius pro mercandisis suis in forma soluerint supradicta, &
suum habeant inde warantum, siue huiusmodi mercandisæ infra regnum &
potestatem nostram remaneant, siue exterius deferantur, (exceptis vinis,
quæ de regno & potestate, nostris prædictis sine volnntate & licentia
nostra sicut prædictum est nullatenus educantur:) Volumus, ac pro nobis, ac
hæredibus nostris concedimus, quòd nulla exactio, prisa, vel præstatio, aut
aliquod onus super personas mercatorum prædictorum, mercandisas seu bona
eorundem altquatenus imponatur contra formam expressam superius &
concessam. His testibus veracibus principalibus, Roberto Cantuariensi
Archiepiscopo totius Angliæ primate, Waltero Couentriæ & Lichfildiæ
episcopo, Henrico de Lacy Lincolniense, Humfredo de Bohum comite
Herfordiense, & Essexiæ & Constabulo magno Angliæ, Adomaro de Valentia,
Galfrido de Gaymal, Hugone de Lespensor,[Footnote: _Sic_.] Waltero de
Bello campo, senescallo hospitij nostri, Roberto de Burijs, & alijs. Datum
per manum nostram apud Windesore, primo die Februarij, anno regni nostri
xxxj.

The aforesaid generall Charter in English.

Edward by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of
Aquitaine, to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earles, Barons,
Iustices, Vicounts, gouernours, officers, and all bayliffes, and his
faithfull people sendeth greeting. Wee haue speciall care for the good
estate of all marchants of the kingdomes, lands, and countries following:
to wit of Almaine, France, Spaine, Portugal, Nauarre, Lombardie, Florence,
Prouence, Catalonia, of our duchie of Aquitaine, Tholosa, Caturlune,
[Footnote: Catalonia] Flanders, Brabant, and of all other forreine
countreis and places by what name soeuer they be called, which come into
our kingdome of England, and there remayne, that the sayd marchants may
liue in quiet and full securitie vnder our dominion in time to come.
Wherefore that their hearts desires may bee more readily inclined to our
seruice and the seruice of our kingdome, wee fauourably agreeing to their
petitions, for the fuller assuring of their estate, haue thought good to
graunt to the sayd merchants for vs and our heires for euer these
priuiledges vnder written, ordaining in forme as followeth.

1. First, that all marchants of the sayd kingdomes and countreys may come
into our kingdome of England, and any where else into our dominion with
their marchandises whatsoeuer safely and securely vnder our defence and
protection without paying wharfage, pontage, or pannage. And that in
Cities, Boroughs, and market townes of the sayd kingdome and dominion they
may traffique onely by the great [Footnote: Wholesale.] as well with the
naturall subiects and inhabitantes of our aforesayde kingdome and dominion,
as with forreiners, straungers, or priuate persons. Yet so that
marchandises which are commonly called mercerie wares, and spices, may be
sold by the small, [Footnote: Retail.] as heretofore hath bin accustomed.
[Sidenote: An exception for traficking with the known enemies of the
kingdome.] And that all the aforesaid marchants may cary or cause to be
caried whither they will, aswell within our realme or dominion, as out of
the same; sauing vnto the countreis of the manifest and knowne enemies of
our kingdome, those marchandises which they shall bring into our foresayd
realme and dominion or buy or otherwise purchase in our sayd realme and
dominion paying such customes as they ought to doe: except onely wines,
which it shall not be any wayes lawfull for them to cary out of our sayd
realme and dominion without our speciall fauour and licence, after they be
once brought into our realme and dominion.

2. Item that the aforesayd marchants may at their pleasure lodge & remaine
with their goods in the cities, boroughs, and townes aforesaid, with the
good liking of those which are owners of their lodgings.

3. Item that euery bargaine made by the said marchants with any maner of
persons, of what places soeuer they be for any kind of marchadise
whatsoeuer, shalbe firme & stable so that none of both the marchants shall
shrinke or giue backe from that bargaine, after that the earnest penie be
once giuen and taken betweene the principall bargayners. And if
peraduenture any strife arise about the same bargaine, the triall and
inquirie thereof shall be made according to the vses and customes of the
fayres and townes where it chanced that the said bargaine was made and
contracted.

4. Item, we promise the aforesaid marchants granting for euer for vs and
our heires, that from hence foorth we will not in any wise make nor cause
to be made any stay or arrest, or any delay by reason of arrest of their
wares, marchandises or other goods, by our selues, or by any other or
others for any neede or accident against the will of the sayd marchants,
without present payment of such a price as the marchants would haue sold
those marchandises for to other men, or without making of them other
satisfaction, so that they shall hold themselues well contented and that no
price or valuation shalbe set vpon their wares, marchandises, & goods by vs
or by any officer of ours.

5. Item, we will that all bayliffes and officers of fayres, cities,
boroughs, and market townes shall doe speedie iustice from day to day
without delay accgrdmg to the lawe of Marchants to the aforesayd marchants
when they shall complaine before them, touching all and singuler causes,
which may be determined by the same law. [Sidenote: Where is this law now
become?] And if default be found in any of the bayliffes or officers
aforesayd, whereby the sayd marchants or any of them haue sustained, or do
sustaine any damage through delay, though the marchant recouer his losses
against the partie principall, yet the bayliffe or other officer shall be
punished to vs ward, according to the qualitie of the default. And wee doe
grant this punishment in fauour of the aforesayd marchants in regard of the
hastening of their iustice.

6. Item, that in al maner of pleas, sauing in case where punishment of
death is to be inflicted, where a marchant is vnpleaded, or sueth another,
of what condition soeuer hee bee which is sued, whether stranger or home
borne, in fayres, cities, or boroughs, where sufficient numbers of
marchants of the foresayd countreis are, and where the triall ought to bee
made, let the one halfe of the Iurie be of the sayd marchants, and the
other halfe of good and lawfull men of the place wheie the suite shall fall
out to bee: and if sufficient number of marchants of the sayd countries
cannot bee found, those which shall be found fit in that place shall be put
vpon the Iurie, and the rest shall be chosen of good and fit men of the
places where such suit shall chance to be.

7. Item we will, we ordaine, and wee appoint, that in euery market towne
and fayre of our realme aforesayd and elsewhere within our dominion our
weight shall bee set in some certaine place, and that before the weighing
the balance shall bee seene emptie in the presence of the buyer and of the
seller, and that the skales bee equall: and that afterward the weigher
weigh in the equall balance. And when hee hath set the balances euen, let
him straightway remooue his hands, so that the balance may remayne euen:
And that throughout all our kingdome and dominion there be one weight and
one measure, and that they be marked with the marke of our standard. And
that euery man may haue a weight of one quarter of an hundred, and vnder,
where the same hath not bin contrary to the liberty of the lord of the
place, and contrary to the libertie granted by vs and our predecessors, or
contrary to the custome of townes and fayres which hath hitherto beene
obserued.

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