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The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries

R >> Richard Hakluyt >> The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries




Instar montium: En tibi iterum, Lector, Munsteri, Telenicis Echo, et cæcum,
vt dici solet, insomnium. Deformat, me Hercule, adeò mendax et absurda
hyperbole historiam, idque tantò magis quantò minus est necessaria. Nam
quorsum attinet mentiri Historicum, si historia est rei veræ narratio?
Quorsum tropicas hyperboles assumet? Quid conabitur persuadere, aut quo
pertrahere Lectorem, siquidem nihil nisi simplicem rerum expositionem sibi
proponit?

Pictoribus atque, Poëtis,
Quodlibet audendi semper fuit æqua potestas:
Non itidem Historicis.

Dorsa cetorum, quæ insulas putant. Nata est hæc fabula, vt et reliquæ, ex
mendacio quodam, vt antiquo, ita ridiculo et vano, cuius ego fidem
titiuilitio non emam. Est autem tale: Missos fuisse olim Legatos cum
sodalitio monastico, ab Episcopo Bremensi (Brandanus veteribus Noruagis,
Crantzio, ni fallor, Alebrandus appellatur) ad fidem Papisticam, quæ tum
Christiana putabatur, in Septentrione prædicandam et diuulgandam: Eosque,
vbi immensum iter Septentrionem versus nauigando consumpsissent ad insulam
quandam peruenisse: ibique iacta anchora descensum in Insulam fecisse,
focos accendisse: (Nam verisimile est nautas in ipso mari glaciali frigore
non parum esse vexatos) et commeatum naualem ad reliquum iter expediuisse.
Ast vbi bene ignibus accensis incaluerant foci, Insulam hanc submersam cito
euanuisse, nautas autem per præsentem scapham vix seruatos fuisse. Habes
huius rei fundamentum, Lector, sed quàm incredibile, ipse vides. Quid verò
tandem est animi nautis, qui in mari procelloso videntes scopulum, vel, vt
Munsterus, Insulam perexiguam emergere, non vitent potius omni studio,
allisionem et naufragium metuentes, quàm vt in portu parum tuto quiescere
tentent? Sed vbi anchora figenda? Solent enim, vt plurimum deesse nautis
tam immensi funes, vt in altissimo æquore anchoram demittant: Igitur in
dorsis cetorum, respondet Munsterus. Oportet igitur, vestigium vnci prius
effodiant. O stultos nautas, balenarum carnem, à terræ cespitibus, inter
fodiendum, non dignoscentes nec lubricam cetorum cutem, à terrestri
superficie internoscentes. Digni profectò, quibuscum ipse Munsterus,
nauclerus transfretaret. Equidem hoc loco, vt et superius, de miraculis
Islandiæ terrestribus agens, è Tantali; vt aiunt, horto fructus colligit,
id est, ea consectatur, quæ nunquam reperiuntur, nec vsquam sunt, dum
miracula hinc inde conquirere, terram et pelagus verrere, ad Historiæ suæ
supplementum studet: Vbi tamen nihil nisi cotnmentitia tantum venari
potest.

Vocantur autem lingua eorum Trollwal. Ne vltra peram, Munstere: Nullam
siquidem es linguæ nostræ cognitionem adeptus: Quare meritò puderet tantum
virum, rem ignotam alios velle docere: Est enim eiusmodi incoeptum
erroribus obnoxium complurimis, vt vel hoc tuo exemplo docebimus. Dum enim
vis alijs autor esse, quomodo nostra lingua balenæ vel cete appellentur,
detracta, per inscitiam, aspiratione, quæ pene sola vocis significationem
facit, quod minimè verum est, affers: Non enim val nostra lingua balenam,
sed electionem siue delectum significat, à verbo, Eg vel .i. eligo, vel
deligo: vnde val, &c. At balena Hualur nobis vocatur: Vnde tu Trollhualur
scribere debebas. Nec verò Troll Diabolum, vt tu interpretaris, sed
Gigantes quosdam montanos significat. Vides igitur, quomodo in toto
vocabulo turpiter, quod haud tamen mirum, erres. Leuis quidem illa in
linguam nostram iniuria, in vnica tantum voce: quoniam plures, haud dubiè,
non noras.

Idem alijs etiam vsu venit: Non enim probandum est, quòd quidam, dum
Islandiæ descriptionem, ab Islandis acceptam, ederet, maluerit omnia, aut
certè plurima promontoriorum, sinuum, montium, fontium, fluminum,
tesquorum, vallium, collium, pagorum nomina desprauare (quòd nostræ linguæ
ignaris, non sciret à nostratibus accepta satis exactè legere) atque
corrumpere, quàm prius ab ipsis Islandis, qui turn temporis, id est, Anno
1585. In Academia Haffniensi vixerunt, quomodo singula legi ac scribi
deberent, ediscere. Ipsum certè hac natiuorum nominum et appellationum
voluntaria deprauatione, (qua factum est, vt ipsi ea legentes, paucissima
nostra agnoscamus) in linguam nostram, alioqui puram et auitam penè
elegantiam retinentem, non leuiter peccasse reputamus.

Cæterum iam plurima Islandiæ miracula, quæ quidem scriptores nostri
attigerunt, sic vtcunque examinauimus. Sed tamen priusquam alio diuertamur,
in hac parte attingendum videtur, quod idem ille in mappa Islandiæ, quam
sub suo nomine, prædicto anno edi fecerat, de duobus, præter supra dictos,
fontibus Islandiæ prodidit: quorum alter lanas albas colore nigro, alter
nigras, albo inficiat. Quod quidem vbi acceperit, aut vnde habeat, scire
equidem non possumus: Nec enim apud nostrates, nec apud extraneos
scriptores, reperire licuit. Sed vndecunque est, fabula est, nec veritatis
micam habet. Quamuis autem sit incredibile, Lanas nigras albo infici
colore, cum traditum sit a Plinio, Lanarum nigras nullum imbibere colorem:
Tamen simile quiddam narratur à Theophrasto: Flumen esse in Macedonia, quod
oues nigras, albas reddat. Et illa, cuius etiam superious memini, rapsodia
Noruagica, speculum scilicet illud Regale, hos ipsos fontes Irlandiæ, quæ
hodie Hybernia, non Islandiæ esse affirmat. Quod forsan Lectori imposuit,
in lingua peregrina, pro R, S, legenti.

Non maiorem fidem meretur, quod Historicus quidam habet. Esse in Islandia
saxum, quod montium prærupta non extrinseca agitatione, sed propria
natiuaque motione peruolitet: Id qui credere volet, quid incredibile ducet?
Est enim commentum tam inauditum, vt nullum eius simile, fabulatos fuisse
Epicuræos (qui tamen multa incredibilia excogitasse Luciano visi sunt)
constet: Nisi fortè hominem qui Islandis proprio nomine Stein dicitur,
sentit Historicus rupes quasdam circuisse, vel circumreptasse. Quod, etsi
ridiculum est in Historiam miraculosam referre, hominem scilicet moueri vel
ambulare, tamen ad saluandam Historici fidem, simulandum: ne figmentum
illud, per se satis absurdum, nec dignum quod legatur, durius
perstringamus.

Eodem crimine tenentur, quicunque; Islandiæ, coruos albos, picas, lepores,
et vultures adscripserunt: Perrarò enim vultures, cum glacie marina, sicut
etiam vrsos (sed hos sæpius quam vultures) et cornicum quoddam genus,
Islandis Isakrakur, aduenire obseruatum est. Picas verò et lepores, vt et
coruos albos, nunquam Islandia habuit.

Atque hæc ferè sunt, quæ de prima commentarij nostri parte per quotidianas
oocupationes, in præsentia, affere licuit. Quæ in hunc finem à me scripta
sunt, (quod etiam prius testatus sum,) vt scriptorum de terra ignota
errores, et quorundam etiam affectata vanitas, patefierent: Neque enim
eorum famæ quicquam detractum cupio: Sed quòd veritati et patriæ, operam
meam consecraram, ilia, quæ hactenus dicta sunt à multis, de Insula, fidem
valde exiguam mereri, necesse habui ostendere: ac ita mihi viam ad
sequentia de Incolis sternere.

Commentarij primæ partis Finis.


The same in English.

THE FOURETEENTH SECTION.

[Sidenote: Munster] There be seen sometimes neere vnto Island huge Whales
like vnto mountains, which ouerturne ships, vnlesse they be terrified
away with the sound of trumpets, or beguiled with round and emptie
vessels, which they delight to tosse vp and downe. It sometimes falleth
out that Mariners thinking these Whales to be Ilands, and casting out
ankers vpon their backs, are often in danger of drowning. They are called
in their tongue Trollwal Tuffelwalen, that is to say, the deuilish Whale.

Like vnto mountains. Loe here once againe (gentle Reader) Munsters
falsifying eccho, and (as the prouerbe saieth) his blind dreame. Such a
false and sencelesse ouer reaching doeth exceedingly disgrace an historie,
and that by so much the more, by how much the lesse necessary it is. For to
what purpose should an Historiographer make leasings, if history be a
report of plaine trueth? Why should he vse such strange surmountings? What
is it that he would perswade, or whither would he rauish the reader, if he
propoundeth vnto himselfe nothing but the simple declaration of things:

Poets and Painters had leaue of old,
To feigne, to blaze, in all things to be bold.
But not Historiographers.

The backs of Whales which they thinke to be Ilands. This fable, like all
the rest, was bred of an old, ridiculous and vaine tale, the credite and
trueth whereof is not woorth a strawe. [Sidenote: Certain letters sent by
Brandan bishop of Breme, to preach Christian faith in the North.] And it is
this that foloweth, namely, that the bishop of Breme (called by the ancient
Norwaies Brandan, and by Krantzius, if I be not deceiued, Alebrandus) in
old time sent certanie Legates with a Couen of Friers to preach and publish
in the North the popish faith, which was then thought to bee Christian, and
when they had spent a long iourney in sailing towards the North, they came
vnto an Iland, and there casting their anker they went a shore, and kindled
fiers (for it is very likely that the Mariners were not a litle vexed with
the nipping cold which they felt at sea) and so prouided victuals for the
rest of their iourny. But when their fires grew very hote, this Iland
sanke, and suddenly vanished away, and the Mariners escaped drowning very
narowly with the boate that was present. This is the foundation of the
matter, but how incredible it is, I appeale to the Reader. But what ailed
these Mariners, or what meant they to doe, who in a tempestuous sea, seeing
a rocke before their eyes, or (as Munster saieth) a little Iland, would not
rather with all diligence haue auoided it for feare of running a shore and
shipwracke, then to rest in such a dangerous harbour? But in what ground
should the anker be fastened? for Mariners for the most part are destitute
of such long cables, whereby they may let downe an anker to the bottom of
the maine sea, therfore vpon the backs of Whales, saith Munster. But then
they had need first to bore a hole for the flouke to take hold in. O silly
Mariners that in digging can not discern Whales flesh from lumps of earth,
nor know the slippery skin of a Whale from the vpper part of the ground:
with out doubt they are woorthy to haue Munster for a Pilot. Verily in this
place (as likewise before treating of the land-miracles of Island) he
gathereth fruits as they say, out of Tantalus his garden, and foloweth hard
after those things which will neuer and no where be found, while he
endeuoureth to proule here and there for miracles, perusing sea and land to
stuffe vp his history where notwithstanding he cannot hunt out ought but
feigned things.

But they are called in their language Trollwal. Go not farther then your
skil, Munster, for I take it you cannot skill of our tongue: and therefore
it may be a shame for a learned man to teach others that which he knoweth
not himselfe: for such an attempt is subiect to manifold errours, as we
will shew by this your example. For while you take in hand to schoole
others, & to teach them by what name a Whale-fish is to be called in our
tongue, leauing out through ignorance the letter H, which almost alone
maketh vp the signification of the worde, you deliuer that which is not
true: for val in our language signifieth not a Whale, but chusing or choise
of the verbe Eg vel, that is to say, I chuse, or I make choise, from whence
val is deriued, &c. But a Whale is called Hualur with vs, & therefore you
ought to haue written Trollhualur. Neither doeth Troll signifie the deuill,
as you interprete it, but certaine Giants that liue in mountaines. You see
therefore (and no maruel) how you erre in the whole word. It is no great
iniurie to our language being in one word onely: because (doubtlesse) you
knew not more then one.

Others also do offend in the same fault, for it is not to be allowed that a
certaine man being about to publish a Map of Island receiued from Islanders
themselues, had rather marre the fashion of all, or in very deed of the
most names of Capes, Baies, mountaines, springs, riuers, homocks, valleis,
hils & townes (because that being ignorant of our language, he was not able
to read those things aright, which he receiued from our countreymen) he had
rather (I say) depraue & corrupt them all, then learne of the Islanders
themselues, which at that time, namely in the yeere 1585, liued in the
vniuersitie of Hafnia, or Copen Hagen, how euery thing ought to be read and
written. And we esteeme him for this his wilfull marring of our natiue
names and words, (where vpon it came to passe that we reading the same,
could acknowledge very few to be oure owne) that he is no slight offender
against our tongue, otherwise retaining the pure and the ancient propertie.

But now we haue after some sort examined most of the myracles of Island,
which our writers haue mentioned. Notwithstanding before we enter into any
further matter, we thinke it good in this section to touch that which the
last forenamed man (in this Map of Island, that he caused to be put forth
in the foresaid yeere vnder his own name) hath giuen out concerning two
other fountains besides the former: whereof the one should die white wooll
black, & the other blacke wooll white. [Sidenote: Who be the Islandish
writers?] Which thing where he receiued it, or whence he had it, we can by
nomeans imagine: for it is not to be found in our own writers, nor in the
writers of other countries. But whence soeuer it be, it is but a tale, &
hath not one iote of trueth in it. And although it be incredible That black
wooll may be died of a white colour, seeing it is affirmed by Plinie, that
blacke wooll (of all other) will receiue no colour: notwithstanding there
is some such thing reported by Theophrastus: namely, that there is a riuer
in Macedonia which maketh blacke sheepe white. [Sidenote: Speculum regale.]
Also that Norway pamphlet called the Roiall looking-glasse, which I
mentioned before, doth attribute these fountains to Ireland, which is also
called Hybernia, and not to Island. Which peraduenture deceiued the Reader,
reading in a strange language S in stead of R.

That likewise deserueth no better credite which another Author writeth:
That there is a certaine great stone in Island which runneth vp and downe
the crags and clifs of mountaines by no outward force, but by the owne
proper and natural motion. Hee that will beleeue this, what will he not
beleeue? For it is such a rare deuise that the Epicures themselues (who yet
seemed to Lucian to haue fained many incredible things) I am sure neuer
inuented the like: vnlesse perhaps the sayd Author doeth imagine (that a
man who is called of the Islanders by the proper name of Stein) should
compasse about, and clime vp certaine rockes: which although it be
ridiculous to put into a story of wonders, namely, that a man should mooue
or walke, yet is it so to bee supposed to saue the credite of the Author,
that we may not more seuerely condemne that fable, which is so sencelesse
of it selfe and not woorthy to be read.

[Sidenote: Vultures, beares and crows come vpon the drift Ice into Island.]
They are gulltie of the same crime also who haue found out rauens, pies
[Footnote: Magpies.], hares and vultures, all white in Island for it is wel
knowen that vultures come very seldome together with the Ise of the sea,
vnto vs, as beares also (but they seldomer then vultures) and a certaine
kind of crowes called by the Islanders Isakrakur. But as for white pies,
hares, and rauens Island neuer had any. [Footnote: All modern writers,
however, ascribe white hares to Iceland.]

And these in a maner be the things which, in regard of our daily busines,
we were able at this present to affoord, as touching the former part of our
treatise, which were penned by me for this purpos (as in the beginning I
did protest) that the errors of Authors concerning an vnknowen land, and
the affected vanitie also of some men might be disclosed, for I am not
desirous to diminish any mans good name: but because I consecrated these my
labours to trueth and to my countrey, I could not chuse but shew, that
those things which hitherto haue bene reported by many concerning our
Island deserue very litle credite: and so to addresse my selfe vnto the
matters folowing concerning the Inhabitants.

Here endeth the first part of the Commentarie.


Commentarij de Islandia pars secunda: quæ est de incolis.

Absolutis hactenus miraculis Islandiæ, (cum nonnullis alijs, primæ parti
annexis) quæ dum scriptores, velut Agamemnonios quosdam fontes, imò, vt
quiddam præter et contra omnem naturam, mirantur, nec non variè
deprædicant, minus veritati ipsi, et authoritati suæ cousulunt; monet
propositæ orationis series, vt ad alteram commentarij partem nos
conferamus, quæ est de incolis: Vbi quid primùm dicam, aut vnde initium
sumom, non satis teneo. Tanta enim sunt in nos vltimos Islandos, et tot
quorundam ludibria, tot opprobria, tot scommata, tot dicteria, (Atque inter
hæc etiam nonnulla eorum, qui simplicissimam veritatem profiteri, volunt,
nempe historicorum) vt si singula recensere velim, non aliud quàm

Icariæ numerum dicere *corier* aquæ.

Sed, vt dixi initio, non cum omnibus æquè stricto iure agemus. Nam licet
Krantzius, Munsterus, Frisius, et alij, nimis audacter multa de gente
nostra scripserint: Tamen suis monumentis de studijs liberalibus alioqui
benè meriti, etiam apud nos eo erunt in precio, quo merentur. Verùm
interea, etsi quis velit eos à calumniandi nota liberare, tamen non leue
est, eos res quasdam tam absurdas, impossibiles et ridiculas proposuisse,
cuiusmodi illa fuerunt, quæ hactenus exposuimus, tum impias, et atrocitate
mendaciorum horrendas, cuiusmodi iam sequentur aliquot, in historias
retulisse. Ast alijs, quicunque; sunt, qui quotidianus conuicijs nationem
Islandorum incessunt, responsio, quam merentur, parata esse debet: Ex
quorum numero, scurra ille fuit, qui rhythmis aliquot, in gentis nostræ
contumeliam, Germanica lingua editis, nomen suum immortali dedecori
consecrauit.

Quapropter, vt instituti nostri ratio exigit, dum scriptorum de hac re
monumenta persequimur, etsi quædam in eis occurrant, quæ coutumeliæ parum
habent, nos tamen plæraque excutiemus, et errores, vt hactenas,
annotabimus: tum si quid veri interea attulerint, id nequaquam
dissimulabimus. [Sidenote: Secundæ partis distributio.] Ac eo modo, primùm
Munsterum, Krantzium, Frisium, et si qui sunt alij, audiemus, Graculo illo,
cum suis rhythmis Germanicis, dira calumnia infectis in postremum, vt
dignus est, relecto locum. [Sidenote: 1. Capitis huius partis diuisio.] In
hunc igitur modum, primùm de fide seu Religione Islandorum: Deinde de
ipsorum moribus, institutis seu viuendi ratione, authores isti scribunt.

The same in English.

Of Island the second part, concerning the Inhabitants.

Hauing hitherto finished the miracles of Island with certaine other
particulars belonging to the first part, the which while writers doe wonder
at and diuersly extoll as it were the fountains of Agamemnon, yea, as
things besides and against all nature, they haue bene very carelesse both
of trueth it selfe, & of their owne credite. Now the course of the present
speach doeth admonish mee to make haste vnto the other part of the treatise
concerning the Inhabitants wherein what I should first say, or where I
should begin, I am altogether ignorant. For there be such monstrous, and so
many mocks, reproches, skoffes, and taunts of certaine men against vs poore
Islanders dwelling in the vtmost parts & the world (and amongst these also,
some things of theirs who take vpon them to professe most simple trueth,
namely Historiographers) insomuch, that to reckon vp the particulars were
nothing els but to tell the drops of the Icarian sea. But as I said in the
beginning, we will not deale alike seuerely with all. For although
Krantzius, Munsterus, Frisius & others haue written many things too boldly
of our nation yet hauing otherwise deserued wel of learning by their
monuments, they shalbe still in ye same reputation with vs that they are
worthy of. Howbeit in the meane time, although a man would free them from
the marke of slanderers, yet is it no small matter that they should broch
certaine sencelesse, impossible & ridiculous things, such as those are
which we haue hitherto laid downe as also that they should record in
histories prophane and horrible vntrueths, some of which kind shal now
immediately be discussed. As for others, whatsoeuer they be, who vpbraid
the nation of Islanders with daily reproches, they are to haue that answere
in a readinesse which such men deserue. In the number of whom, that scoffer
is to be accounted, who by a company of rimes published in the Germane
tongue, to the disgrace of our countrey, hath brought his name into
euerlasting ignominie.

Wherefore as our present businesse requireth, while we are in hand with the
writings of Authors concerning this matter, although we meet with some
things containing litle reproch, notwithstanding we will examine most of
them, noting the errors as hitherto we haue done in the meane time also
when they shall alleage any trueth, we will in no case dissemble it. And
after this maner, first we will heare Munster, Krantzius and Frisius, and
others also, if there be any more, what they haue to say, reiecting that
Paro and his Dutch rimes infected with fell slander, as he is woorthy vnto
the last place. First therefore the sayd Authors write concerning the faith
or religion of the Islanders and secondly, of their Maners, Customes, and
course of life in maner folowing.


SECTIO PRIMA.

Adalbertius Metropolitanus Hamburgensis, Anno Christi
1070. Vidit ad Christum conuersos Islandos: licet
ante susceptam Christi fidem, lege Naturali vuuentes,
non multum à lege nostra discrepantes: itaque, pretentibus
illis, ordinauit quendam virum sanctum, primum
Episcopum, nomine Isleif.

Krantzius his verbis, et Munsterus alibi, fidei seu Religionis Christianæ
dignitatem Islandis videntur adscribere: Facerentque et se, et veritate
dignum, nisi eandem alias nobis adimerent. Nam (vt de Krantzio infra)
Munsterus, quæ supra prodidit, de fide nostra, seu opinione circa Inferni
locum situmque, omnino est à Christiana pietate alienum: Velle scilicet
scrutari arcana, quæ Deus sibi soli reseruauit, quæque voluit nostrum
captum excedere: Non enim reperitur de hac re quicquam in literis sacris,
vbi locus vel sitis inferni seu ignis æterni, Diabolo et Angelis ipsius,
adeoque damnatis omnibus animabus destinati, determinetur, aut
circumscribatur: Nullam inquam, infra terram, seu in ea, aut vlla alia
huius mundi parte, corporalem seu localem situm illi damnatorum carceri
pagina sacra assignat: quinimo, terram hanc interituram, et terram nouam et
coelos nouos, iustorum et sanctorum habitacula, creanda affirmat: Apoc. 2.
2, Petri 3, Esa. 65. Quare Christianus rerum adeò abstrusarum inquisitionem
libenter præterit: tum dogmata nullis appertis et illustribus scripturæ
sacras testimonijs stabilita, velut certa et vera recipere, aut alijs
tradere, nefas esse ducit. Deut 4. et 12, Esa. 8. Matth, 17. 2, Timoth. 3.

Deinde etiam pugnat acriter cum Religione Christiana, quo Munsterus &
Krantzius Islandos ornant, encomium: Eos videlicet, catulos ac pueros suos
æquo habere in precio. De quo infra, section. 7. Sic igitur secum dissidet
Munst. dum quos Christianos assent, inferni architectos alias facit: Item,
Krantzius et Munsterus, dum quos fide Christo insertos affirmant, eosdem
omni pietatis et honestatis sensu exuunt: quòd scribant filios ab his, non
maiore cura, quàm catulos diligi.

Sed vt ad rem: De Religione equidem nostra, quæ qualiseu fuerit, cum
Ethnicismus primùm fugari coepit, nihil magnificè diceret possumus:
quemadmodum nec alia Septentrionis Regna vicina, vti existimo, de suis
fidei initijs. Fatendum enim est, et cum serijs gemitibus deplorandum vsque
ad illam nunquam satis prædicatam diem, quæ nobis velut immortalitatis
initium illuxit et repurgati Euangelij doctrinam attulit, tenebras plusquam
Cimmerias, etiam nostris hominibus, vt reliquis Septentrionis Ecclesijs,
offusas fuisse. Illud tamen piè nobis sentire liceat, apud nos, vt et in
vicina Noruegia (nam nolo vltra septa vagari, et de populis ignotis
quicquam pronunciare) eiecta primùm Idololatria Ethnica, sinceriorem longè
et simpliciorem fidem seu religionem Christianam viguisse; quippe veneno
Papistico minus infectam, quam posteà, vbi auctum Romanæ sedis fermentum
pestiferum, et malum contagiosum maturuit, et per totum orbem virus suum
diffudit: Nam vt posteà apparebit, multis annus antequam noua Pontificiorum
Idololatria vires et incrementum cepit, Islandia Christum amplexa est: et
vt laudatissimi duo illi Noruegiæ Reges, quibus vt commune nomen, ita
commune nominis Christi propagandi studium et professio, nihil nisi fidem
in Deum Patrem, Filium, et spiritum Sanctum, sonabat. Dico autem illum
Olaum Thryggonis F. qui Anno Christi 968. natus, Anno ætatis 27. imperium
Noruegiæ adeptus est, et primus, vt accepimus, Noruegis Christum obtrusit:
quibus imperitabat annis 5. Et huic cognominem, Olaum nuncupatum Sanctum,
Haraldi F. Qui anno Christi 1013. aut circiter, imperij habenas arctius in
primis obtinuit. Per annos fere 17. Christi doctrinam audacter tradidit.
Anno Christi 1030. ab improbis parricidis nefariè interfectus, in pago
Noruegise Stickla Stodum, pro Christi nomine cruorem fudit.

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