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The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries

R >> Richard Hakluyt >> The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries




[Sidenote: Island first inhabited.] In the yeere of Christ 874. Island
(being indeed discouered before that time, as is aboue mentioned) was then
first of all inhabited by certaine Noruagians. Their chiefetaine was one
Ingulphus from whose name the East cape of Island is called Ingulffs
hoffdi. These planters are reckoned vp by name in our recordes more then to
the number of 400 together with those of their blood and kinred, and great
families besides neither onely is their number described, but it is also
plainely set downe, what coasts, what shores, and what inland places eche
of them did occupie and inhabite, and what names the first inhabitants did
giue vnto Streights, bayes, harboroughs, necklands, creekes, capes, rockes,
cragges, mountaines, hilles, valleys, homockes, springs, floods, riuers.
And to be short, what names they gaue vnto their graunges or houses,
whereof many at this day are reteined and vsed. Therefore the Norwayes with
their company peopled all the habitable parts of Island now occupied by
them for the space of 60. yeeres or thereabout but they remayned Ethnickes
almost 100. yeres, except a very fewe which were baptised in Norwaie. But
scarce a 100. yeres from their first entrance being past, presently
Christian religion began to be considered vpon, namely about the yeere of
our Lord 974. Which thing aboue 20. yeres together, was diuersly attempted
of many not without notable rebellion: amongst the rest there are mentioned
two outlandish Bishops, who with others diligently laboured in conuerting
the Island to Christian faith: [Sidenote: Saxo, the first preacher of the
Christian faith in Island. Anno Domini 981.] the former was one Fridericus
a Saxon borne, who in the yeere 981. came into Island, and behaued himselfe
couragiously in the office of preaching, and preuailed so much, that in the
yeere 984. Churches were vsed in Island.

But the other outlandish Bishop or preacher whom they called Thangbrandt
came first into Island in the yeere 997.

[Sidenote: Anno Domini 1000.] And then after 26. yeeres consulting about
Religion, at length in the yeere 1000, it was decreed in a generall
assembly of all the inhabitants by their whole consent, that the worship of
heathenish Idoles being abandoned, they should embrace Christian Religion.

Againe, in the yeere 1050, it was decreed in a solemne assembly of the
inhabitants, that temporall or politique lawes (the constitutions whereof
being brought out of Norwaie were communicated vnto the Islanders by one
Vlfliot in the yeere 926.) should euery where giue place to the Canon or
diuine Lawe.

In the yere 1056. one Isleif went beyond the seas out of Island to be
consecrated bishop of Island.

He came home consecrated into Island, and entred into the bishopricke of
Scalholt in the yeere 1057. He died 1080. in the yeere of his age 74. The
4. of the Kalends of Iuly.

These things perhaps wil seeme trifling, short and base, not sufficiently
worthy to be mentioned, together with many other matters which follow: but
neither doe wee compile the Romane history, neither yet shall these things
be so trifling, but that they may be of sufficient force to conuince the
errours of Krantzius and others, according to our purpose. [Sidenote: A
notable testimonie of Saxo concerning the Islanders.] And vndoubtedly as
touching the trueth of our histories, it is euident that Saxo Grammaticus
attributeth very much vnto them: whose words in his preface of Denmarke be
these: Neither is the diligence of the Thylenses (for so he calleth
Islanders) to be smothered in silence: who when as by reason of the natiue
barrennes of their soile, wanting nourishments of riot, they do exercise
the duties of continuall sobrietie, and vse to bestow all the time of their
life in the knowledge of other men's exploits they supply their want by
their wit. For they esteeme it a pleasure to know and commit vnto memory
the famous acts of other nations, reckoning it no lesse praiseworthy to
discourse of other mens vertues, then to practise their owne. Whose
treasures replenished with the monuments of historical matters, I more
curiously searching into, haue compiled no smal part of this present worke
by following of their relation neither despised I to haue those men for my
iudges, whom I knew to be skilful in so great knowledge of antiquitie. Thus
farre Saxo.

Wherefore I thinke it not amisse to proceede in the recitall of the Bishops
of Island, that the order and descent of them all, being so farre foorth as
is possible, diligently put together out of our yeerely records, may make
good that which we haue alledged against Krantzius concerning Isleif the
first Bishop of Island.


CATALOGUS CHRONOLOGICUS EPISCOPORUM ISLANDIÆ.

Anno Episcopi Schalholtenses
Christi
I.
Isleif.
1056 Ordinatur peregrè.
1057 Redit et Schalholtensem cathedram adit
1080 Anno ætat 74. Moritur 4. Kalend. Iul.

II.
Gysserus.
1082 Ordinatur peregrè,
1083 Redit in Islandiam cum Episopatu.
1118 Moritur 5. Kalend. Maias qui fuit dies Martis.

III.
Thorlacus Runolphi. F.
Anno
ætatis Ordinatur eodem anno, quo prædecessor.
32: Gysserus vita excessit, sed tamen ante illius obitum 30. die
1133 Moritur.

IV.
Magnus
1134 Ordinatur.
1148 Postridiè festi omnium Sanctorum in villa sacerdotali Hittardal
comuiuans, coenaculo fulmine percusso, cum viris 70. flammis
absumptus est.

V.
Klaingus.
1151 Eligitur.
1152 Cathedram adit.
1176 Moritur.

VI.
Thorlacus.
Eligitur biennio ante obit, prædecessoris
1178 Ordinatur.
1193 Moritur.

VII.
Paulus.
1195 Ordinatur.
1211 Moritur.

VIII.
Magnus.
1216 Ordinatur.

IX.
Siguardus.
1239 Cathedram adit.
1268 Moritur.

X.
Arnerus.
1269 Cathedram adit.
1298 Moritur.

XI.
Arnerus Helgonis F.
1304 Ordinatur.
1305 Cathedram adit.
1309 In Noruagiam abit ligna à rege Noruagiæ petiturus, quibus
templum Schalholtense reædificaretur, quod eodem anno
fulmine tactum conflagrarat.
1310 Redit ex intinere.
1320 Moritur.

XII.
Ionas Haldorus.
1321 Eligitur.
1322 Ordinatur Kal. Augusti.
1323 Cathedram adit.
1338 Moritur.

XIII.
Ionas Indridi F. Roruages
1339 Cathedram adit.
1341 Moritur.

XIV.
Ionas Siguardi F.
1343 Cathedram adit.
1348 Moritur pridiè Diui Magni.

XV.
Gyrthus.
1349 Ordinatus Asloiæ Noruagorum, ab Episcopo Asloensi Salomone.
1356 Abiens peregrè fluctibus vitam finit.

XVI.
Thorarinnus.
1362 Cathedram adit.
1364 Moritur.

XVII.
Oddgeirus.
1366 Cathedram adit.

1381 Moritur in assumpt. beatæ virginis, in portu Noruagiæ Burgensi, è
mercium aceruo in imum nauis delapsus. Sepultus Bergis in æde
Saluatoris.

XVIII.
Michaël Danus.
1385 Cathedral adit.
1388 Resignat profectus in Daniam.

XIX.
Wilhelmus Danus.
1394 Cathedram adit. Moritur.

XX.
Arnerus.
Hic cognomento fuit Milldur. i. liberalis. Gessit vna pæfecturam
Islandiæ tertius: Episcopatum Schalholtens. & vice Episcopatum
Holensem.
1420 Obijt.

XXI.
Ionas Gerichso.

1432 Suecus siue cognomento siue natione præest Ecclesiæ Schalholtensi:
ac posteà ob quædam nimis audacter tentata, à quodam Thorualdo
de Modruvallum (vt fama est) captus, & aligato ad collum saxo in
amne Schalholtensi, qui à ponte nomen habet, viuus submersus &
strangulatus est.

XXII.
Gosuinus.
1445 Præest Ecclesiæ Schalholtensi.

XXIII.
Sueno.
1472 Dictus sapiens præest.

XXIV.
Magnus Riolphi F.
1489 Præest.

XXV.
Stephanus.
1494 Cathedram adit.
Deinde Godtschalco episcopo Holensi, qui crudelis nomen meritus
esse videtur, Synchronos similem cum illo clementiæ & iusticiæ
laudem reportauit.
1519 Moritur: aut circiter.

XXVI.
Augmundus.
Eligitur anno obitus Stephani
1522 Cathedram adit.
Hoc episcopo, prefectus regius cum comitibus aliquot Scalhotiam
inuitatus, in ipso conuiuio à coniuram quibusdam interfectus est,
eò quòd impiè passim in incolas & bona ipsorum grassatus esset.
Augmundus vcro tanquam istius cædis author, quanquam se iuramento
purgarat in Daniam transuectus, Obijt.

XXVII.
Gysserus.
1540 Eligitur viuente Augmundo
1541 Cathedram adit, Papisticarum traditionum abrogator circa coniugium
1544 sacerdotum: Eius nuptiæ Schalholtiæ celebratæ.

XXVIII.
Martinus.
1547 Præest, & sequentibus.

XXIX.
Gislaus Ionas.

Hic statim, Augmundo episcopo, coepit iuuenis veræ pietatis &
purioris doctrinæ Euangelicæ studio, & amore flagrare, eandemque
pastor ecclesiæ Sclardalemsis diligenter propagare, qua ratione
Pontificiorum odium adeò in se deriuauit, vt illorum insidijs ac
rabiei cedere coactus, Hamburgum se contulerit, vnde Haffniam
Danorum profectus, in coepto veræ Theologiæ studio strenuè
pergens, in multorum, præcipuè verò in summa D. D. Petri Palladu
tum temporis Episcopi, familiaritate et gratia viuebat.
1556 Postea, inde in patriam reuerso, Martinus sponte cessit.

1587 Moritur et hic 31. annos plus minus Euangelium Iesu Christi
professus: nec tantum viua voce, sed et quocunque demum potuit
modo, docendo, dicendo, scribendo, re et consilio Ecclesiam Dei
iuuit et promouit.

XXX.
Otto Knerus
Vir grauis, pius et eruditus.
1588 Electus abit patria.
1589 Ordinatur.
Redit et cathedram adit, susceptique muneris labores aggreditur.

* * * * *

Anno Episcopi Holenses.
Christi

I.
Ionas Augmundi F.
Isleifi discipulus.
1106 Ordinatur peregrè: anno ætat. 64. cognomentum illi, sanctus: curus
memoriæ dies 3. Martij, apud Islandos est antiquitùs dicatus.
1121 Moritur 11. Kalend. Maias.

II.
Ketillus siue Catullus.
1122 Ordinatur.
1145 Moritur.

III.
Biorno.
1147 Ordinatus venit in Islandiam.
1162 Moritur.

IV.
Brandus.
1163 Ordinatur.
1165 Cathedram adit.
1201 Moritur.

V.
Gudmundus, cognomento Bonus.
1203 Eligitur et ordinatur.
1237 Moritur.

VI.
Botolphus.
1239 Redit ordinatus.
1246 Moritur.

VII.
Henricus.
1247 Cathedram adit.
1260 Moritur.

VIII.
Brandus.
1262 Abbas peregrè abit.
1263 Cathedram adit.
1264 Moritur.

IX.
Iorundus.
1267 Cathedram adit.
1313 Moritur.

X.
Audunnus.
1314 Cathedram adit.
1322 Moritur.

XI.
Laurentius.
1324 Eligitur & ordinatur.
1331 Moritur Idib. April.

XII.
Egillus.
1332 Cathedram adit.
1341 Moritur.

XIII.
Ormus.
1343 Cathedram adit.
1355 Moritur in festo omnium Sanctorum.

XIV.
Ionas Erici F. _cognomento_ Skalle

1358 Cathedram Holensem aditurus venit in Islandiam. Hic Ionas, olim in
Grondlandiæ Episcopatum Gronlandis ordinatus, à Pontifice Romano
Episcopus impetrauit, vt liceret sibi Episcopatum Holensem adire, qui
1356 tunc temporis vacabat. Vnde cum confirmationem huius dignitatis
ac munerus, à Pontifice acceptam, veniens non proferret, apud
Presbyteros dioecesis Holensis, suspectæ fidet esse coepit.
Quare abijsdem in Noruagiam relegæus est, vt ea res arbitrio
Regis componeretur. Rege igitur ipsius partibus fauente
Cathedram Holensem obitnuit.
1391 Moritur.

XV.
Petrus.
Ordinatur, quo anno prædecessor rebus mortalium exemptus est.
1392 Cathedram adit Holensem.
Moritur.

XVI.
Ionas Wilhelmus.
1432 Anglus, siue genere, siue cognomine, præfuit Ecclcsiæ Holensi.

XVII.
Godschalcus.
1457 Moritur.

XVIII.
Olaus Rogwaldi F.

1458 Prædicti Godschalchi ex sorore nepos, vterque Noruagus, eligitur.
1497 Moritur.

XIX.
Godschalcus.
De mortus Olai nepos ex fratre, et ille Noruagus, eligitur eodem
anno quo patruus decessit.

1500 Cathedram adit, ac per totos 20. annos multos ex subditis duriter
exercuisse fertur.
Anno 1520. cum inter pocula et voluptates conuiuales versaretur
audirétque obijsse Ionam Sigismundum, quem cum vxore et liberis
multos annos crudelissimè vexauerat, in subitum morbum repentè
incidit, et sic paulò post, eam, qua in tota vita in miseros
subditos vsus est vim cum miserabili morte commutauit.

XX.
Ionas Aræsonius.
1525 Cathedram adit: etiam hic papisticarum superstitionum vltimus et
acerrimus assertor. Qui, cum Gyssero et Martino episcopus
Schalhotiæ acriter resisteret, à pientiss. Rege Christiano
1548 tertio iubetur sub poena exilij protinus in Daniam aduentare.
1550 Sed hoc neglecto, captum Martinum Schalholtiæ Episcopum custodiæ
mandauit. Tandem et ipse à viro quodam magni nominis, quem
prius vt fertur, lacessiuerat, captus, ac Schalholtiam adductus,
ibidem cum filijs duobus, authoritate regij præfecti, capitis
1551 supplicio affectus est. In cuius vltionem, non multò post
præfectus ille regius, cum socijs aliquot, à quibusdam sicarijs,
decollatorum olim famulis, nefarie occisus est.

XXI.
Olaus Bialterus.
1552 Abit patria.
1553 Cathderam adit.
Hic primus sincerioris doctrinæ apud Holenses amorem in multorum
animis, etiam adhuc prædecessoris sui collega, accendit: Deinde
eandem doctrinam Episcopus apertius docuit et propugnauit.
1568 Moritur.

XXII.
Gudbrandus Thorlacius.
Ille non modò suæ ætatis, sed et posterntatis ornamentum. Qui
præterquam quod inchoatum opus à prædecessore Olao sibi relictum
ducente S. S. optimè ad eam, quam dedit Deus perfectionem,
deduxit, (dico labores et diligentiam in asserenda veritate
Euangelica, et papisticis superstitionibus abrogandis) etiam in
hac patria sua officinam Typographicam primus Islandorum
aperuit. Cui idcirco patria inter libros complures in linguam
vernaculam translatos, etiam sacrosancta Biblia, elegantissimis
typis Islandica lingua in officna ipsius excusa, in æternum
debebit.
Hic inquam Episcopus præsens, officium suscepturus.
1570 Abijt.
1571 Redit Cathedram Holensem ingreditur.


The same in English.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE BlSHOPS OF ISLAND.

The Bishops of Schalholt. In the yeere
of Christ
I.
Isleif.
Consecrated beyond the seas. 1056
Returneth and entereth the Bishops sea of Schalholt. 1057
Dieth in the yere of his age 74. the 4. of the 1080
Kalends of Iuly.

II.
Gysserus.
Consecrated beyond the sea. 1082
Returneth into Island with his Bishopricke. 1083
Dieth the 5. of the Kal. of May being tuesday. 1118

III.
Thorlacus sonne of Runulphus.
Consecrated the same yeere, wherein his predecessor. In the year
Gysserus deceased, but yet 30. dayes before of his age 32
his death. Dieth. 1133

IV.
Magnus.
Consecrated. 1134
On the morrowe after the feast of all Saints, in his 1148
parish towne of Hiitardal, the house being striken
with lightning, hee, and 70. men with him were
consumed with fire.

V.
Klaingus.
Chosen. 1151
Entreth the see. 1152
Dieth. 1176

VI.
Thorlacus.
Chosen two yeres before the death of his predecessour.
Consecrated. 1178
Dieth. 1193

VII.
Paulus.
Consecrated. 1195
Dieth. 1211

VIII.
Magnus.
Consecrated. 1216

IX.
Siguardus.
Entreth his see. 1239
Dieth. 1268

X.
Arnerus.
Entreth his see. 1269
Dieth. 1298

XI.
Arnerus sonne of Helgo.
Consecrated. 1304
Entreth the see. 1305
Saileth into Norwaie, to craue timber of the king of Norway, 1309
wherewith the Church of Schalholt might be reedified, which the
same yere being toucht with lightning, was burnt downe.

Returneth home. 1310
Dieth. 1320

XII.
Ionas Haldorus
Elected. 1321
Consecrated the first of August. 1322
Entreth his see. 1323
Dieth. 1338

XIII.
Ionas, sonne of Indred, a Noruagian borne.
Entreth his see. 1339
Dieth. 1341

XIV.
Ionas sonne of Siguardus.
Entreth his see. 1343
Dieth on S. Magnus euen. 1348

XV.
Gyrthus.
Consecrated at Aslo in Norway by Salomon bishop of Aslo. 1349
Going beyond the seas he was drowned. 1356

XVI.
Thorarinnus.
Entreth his see. 1362
Dieth. 1364

XVII.
Oddgeirus.
Entreth his see. 1366
Dieth vpon the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, in the port of 1381
Bergen in Norway, falling downe from a packe of wares into the
botome of the ship. He was buried at Bergen in the Church of our
Sauiour.

XVIII.
Michael a Dane.
Entreth his see. 1385
Resigneth, and saileth into Denmarke. 1388

XIX.
William a Dane.
Entereth the Bishopricke. 1394
Dieth.

XX.
Arnerus.
Arnerus sirnamed Mildur, that is to say Liberall. He was at one
time Lord President of all Island, bishop of Schalholt, and
vicebishop of Holen. He died. 1420

XXI.
Ionas Gerichson.
Sueden either sirnamed or borne is made Bishop ouer the Church of 1432
Schalholt and afterward for certaine bolde attempts being taken
by one Thorualdus de Modruuollum (as it is reported) and a great
stone being bound to his necke, hee was cast aliue into the
riuer of Schalholt, (which taketh name of the bridge) and was
there strangled.

XXII.
Goswinus.
Bishop of Schalholt. 1445

XXIII.
Sueno.
Called the wise, bishop of Schalholt. 1472

XXIV.
Magnus sonne of Riolphus.
Bishop &c. 1489

XXV.
Stephen.

Entreth the See. Then (liuing at one time with Godschalchus bishop 1494
of Holen, who seemed worthy to be sirnamed cruel) he had the
same commendations for mercy and iustice, that Godschalchus had.
He died: or thereabout. 1519

XXVI.
Augmundus.

Chosen in the yeere wherein Stephen deceased.
Entreth the see. 1522
While he was Bishop, the kings Lieutenant with some of his
followers being inuited to Schalholt, in the time of the banquet
was slaine by certaine conspirators because hee had in all
places wickedly wasted the inhabitants and their goods. But
Augmundus as the authour of that murther (although he purged
himselfe with an othe) being transported into Denmarke there
ended his life.

XXVII.
Gysserus.
Elected, Augmundus yet liuing. 1540
Entred the see. 1541
He was the abolisher of Popish traditions about Priests marriages:
his owne marriage being solemnized at Schalholt. 1544

XXVIII.
Martinus.
Bishop &c. And the yeeres following. 1547

XXIX.
Gislaus Ionas.
This man presently, in the time of bishop Augmund began in his
youth to be enflamed with the loue of true pietie, & of the pure
doctrine of the Gospel, & being pastour of the Church of
Selardal, diligently to aduance the same, by which meanes he did
so procure vnto himselfe the hatred of Papists, as being
constreined to giue place vnto their craft & crueltie, he
departed ouer to Hamburg, from whence comming to Copen Hagen in
Denmarke & painefully proceeding in his former study of
diuintie, he liued in the familiaritie, and fauour of many, but
specially of D. D. Peter Palladius: who was at that time bishop
there. Afterward returning into his countrey, Martine gaue place 1556
vnto him of his owne accord. This man died also, hauing for the 1587
space of 31. years or there abouts, professed the Gospel of
Iesus Christ: neither did he helpe & further the Church of God
by the sound of his voice much, but by all other meanes to the
vtmost of his abilities, by teaching, preaching, writing, by his
wealth & his counsel.

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